[28] The Qurayza also possessed weaponry: 1,500 swords, 2,000 lances, 300 suits of armour, and 500 shields. It is at this point that Moses and his companion meet al-Khir. [81] Al-Khir agrees, and eventually stumbles upon the Water of Life on his own. Al-Khir's appearance at Muhammad's funeral is related as follows: A powerful-looking, fine-featured, handsome man with a white beard came leaping over the backs of the people till he reached where the sacred body lay. Grdal Aksoy, "Dersim Alevi Krt Mitolojisi", Raa Haq'da Dinsel Figrler", Istanbul, 2006, Komal yaynlar. The battle is named after the "Trench", or khandaq, that was dug by Muslims in preparation for the battle as an act of defense. The middle dome of heaven was made of saggilmut stone and was the abode of the Igigi. For example, Kothar and Khidr possess wisdom and secret knowledge. [4] From the Confederates, Huyayy ibn Akhtab, a Khaybarian, the leader of the exiled tribe Banu Nadir, returned to Medina seeking their support against the Muslims. At the beginning of the chapter, al-Tabari explains that in some variations, al-Khir is a contemporary of the mythical Persian king Afridun, who was a contemporary of Abraham, and lived before the days of Moses. The Sunni Muslim Mufassir Ibn Kathir mentions this incident in his book Tafsir ibn Kathir, and his commentary on this verse mentions the reason and event of the Battle, his commentary is as follows: Allah tells us of the blessings and favors He bestowed upon His believing servants when He diverted their enemies and defeated them in the year when they gathered together and plotted. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 12 November 2022, at 17:08. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbb al-nuzl), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it was revealed in Mecca, instead of Medina. Ali provides them with the parable of a lush, green garden with scented dew that accumulates under the blades of grass but then gets separated from it in the morning, as Allah has said, The third main story within the chapter (verses 6082[15]) is that of Musa (Moses) traveling to gain knowledge from another servant of God who is never mentioned by name, in tafsir of ibn Kathir he is called Al-Khidr. [23], The Confederates attempted several simultaneous attacks, in particular by trying to persuade the Banu Qurayza to attack the Muslims from the south. In the Eskandarnma by an anonymous author, al-Khir is asked by Dhul-Qarnayn to lead him and his armies to the Water of Life. Accordingly, al-Khir is Moses' spiritual guide, who initiates Moses into the divine sciences, and reveals to him the secret mystic truth. As he describes, Al-Khir was given the right to sainthood from the beginning and he achieved so without traveling the path of Sufism. Name. [70]French historian Roger Paret points out that the Moschus story is much more closely aligned to the Quranic episode than the Jewish legend; for instance, the angel in the Greek story and the "servant of God" in the Quran are both anonymous and vaguely defined, in contrast to the named figures of the Jewish Elijah or Khir in Islamic exegesis. Allah says in the Quran, We send down stage by stage in the Quran, that which is a healing and a mercy to those who believe (17:82). 33:14 Had their city been sacked from all sides and they had been asked to abandon faith, they would have done so with little hesitation. 33:16 Say, O Prophet, Fleeing will not benefit you if you try to escape a natural or violent death. Huda. A group of militants led by Amr ibn Abd Wudd (who was thought to be equal to a thousand men in fighting)[24] and Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl attempted to thrust through the trench and managed to effect a crossing, occupying a marshy area near the hillock of Sala. Messages were repeatedly sent back and forth between the parties, but each held to its position stubbornly. Only at night, when the attacks stopped due to darkness, could they resume their regular worship. Early in 627, the Banu Nadir met with the Quraysh of Mecca. [57] It is still a functional temple and the holiest site for present-day Zoroastrians living in Iran. The evil eye (al-ayn in Arabic) is a term used to describe misfortune that is transmitted from one person to another out of jealousy or envy. This is not a trivial matter these lucky charms do not offer any protection, and believing otherwise takes one outside of Islam into the destruction of kufr. Our beloved Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said in one of His hadith in these words: Another simple way that can play a vital role in a Muslims life leads to Jannah is going to the mosque. Heck, "Arabia Without Spices: An Alternate Hypothesis", pp. [4] As the Muslim army was well dug-in behind the embankment made from the earth which had been taken from the ditch and prepared to bombard attackers with stones and arrows, any attack could cause great casualties. In the twelfth line is the phrase I am Sa'd bin Mu'adh, and finally on the fifteenth line I am Ali ibn Abu Talib. The well-organized defenders, the sinking of confederate morale, and poor weather conditions caused the siege to end in a fiasco. [65] Noting that Ben Jacob's compilation includes other stories with clear Islamic antecedents, Wheeler also suggests that the Jewish story of Elijah was created under Islamic influence, remarking that its parallels with the story of Khir align more closely to the elaborations of later Islamic commentaries rather than the concise narrative of the Quran itself. [43], Al-Khir is also commonly associated with Elijah, even equated with him, and al-Tabari makes a distinction in the next account in which al-Khir is Persian and Elijah is an Israelite. The ancient Mesopotamians regarded the sky as a series of domes (usually three, but sometimes seven) covering the flat Earth. Only Allah can protect us from harm, and believing otherwise is a form of shirk. The Quran states that they meet at the junction of two seas, where a fish that Moses and his servant had intended to eat has escaped. Then he went to the men and said, 'God's command is right. In fact there are orders that claim origin with al-Khir himself, or that al-Khir was part of their chain, for example some of the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi Order, the Muhammadiyah, the Idrisiyya, and the Senussi are tariqat that had al-Khir as one of the central figures connecting them to the spiritual outflow of Muhammad. To Sufis, al-Khir holds a distinguished position. [42] Al-Tabari also recounts that al-Khir is said to have been the son of a man who believed in Abraham, and who emigrated with Abraham when he left Babylon. Do not long for encountering the enemy and supplicate to Allah to grant you security. The whole was a battle of wits in which Muslims had the best of it; without cost to themselves they weakened the enemy and increased the dissension. 1938)[9], The commentary by Ozma Nasir Makarim Shirazi says, "There is no room for diversity to enter into His Words and Knowledge. [6] He prominently figures as patron of the Islamic saint ibn Arabi. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the Islamic sage Al-khidr", Grdal Aksoy, Helenistik ve Enohu Yahudilik Balamnda Kehf Suresi: Musa, Hzr ve Zlkarneyn (2019), . [8] Although the Muslims neither won nor were defeated at the Battle of Uhud, their military strength was gradually growing. Muhammad in order to stop the attacks called for a counter-attack against the idolaters, He asserted to his followers before: Abdullah bin Abu Aufa reported: This strength of mind and renewed faith may help one to resist or fight against any evil or illness directed his or her way. [11][29] Muhammad became anxious about their conduct,[30] and realised the grave potential danger the Qurayza posed. Al-Tabari also adds to lore surrounding the origins of al-Khir's name. The recommended verses to read include: If you are reciting ruqyah for another person, you may add: Bismillaahi arqeeka min kulli shayin yudheeka, min sharri kulli nafsin aw aynin haasid Allaahu yashfeek, bismillaahi arqeek(In the name of Allah I perform ruqyah for you, from everything that is harming you, from the evil of every soul or envious eye may Allah heal you. The Ghatafan were led by `Uyaynah bin Hisn bin Badr. Wensinck believed that the author of the Quran had taken the Khir story directly from this Jewish source but had confused the names of the characters involved. A Muslim knows that the life of this world is short-term and the eternal life is in the hereafter thats why his or her objective is to get an eternal life that is in Paradise. "Q18" redirects here. In Holy Quran, Allah Almighty says: Seeking knowledge also leads to Paradise. Some misguided Muslims try to protect themselves from the evil eye with talismans, beads, Hands of Fatima, small Qurans hanging around their necks or pinned onto their bodies, and such. Water:If the one who cast the evil eye is identified, it is also recommended to have that person make wudu, and then pour the water over the person who was afflicted in order to rid them of the evil. Al-Khir repeatedly breaks his oath not to speak out against Gabriel's actions, and is still unaware that the human teacher is actually Gabriel. However, in the stories al-Tabari recounts, Moses claims to be the most knowledgeable man on earth, and God corrects him by telling him to seek out al-Khir. [56] The Druze version of the story of al-khidr was syncretized with the story of Saint George and the Dragon. The five pillars are not mentioned directly in the Quran. 33:12 And remember when the hypocrites and those with sickness in their hearts said, Allah and His Messenger have promised us nothing but delusion! [74] While agreeing that the Quranic story "combines disparate elements from motifs current in late antiquity", Wheeler rejects Schwarzbaum's connection between Rabbi Akiva and Khir. The Black Stone (Arabic: , al-ajaru al-Aswad, 'Black Stone') is a rock set into the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the ancient building in the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.It is revered by Muslims as an Islamic relic which, according to Muslim tradition, dates back to the time of Adam and Eve. A number of individuals were spared when various Muslims intervened on their behalf. [60] But a very recent study has shown that the Qur'anic story is full of Jewish symbols, even if we cannot historically identify its likely original form. "Submission [to God]") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or Allah) as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet. So the Muslims did this, working hard, and the Messenger of Allah worked with them, carrying the earth away and digging, in the process of which there occurred many miracles and clear signs. By Brother Alex (Dallas, TX) 1. Such people have not truly believed, so Allah has rendered their deeds void. What is coming from you to us?" Musa bin `Uqbah and others said that it was in the year 4 AH. [23], The Quraysh veterans grew impatient with the deadlock. They can eat and drink when they want to, but are not compelled to. Moses asks for permission to accompany the Servant of God so Moses can learn "right knowledge of what [he has] been taught". [29], The crisis showed Muhammad that many of his men had reached the limits of their endurance. Reciting ruqyah, as advised by the Prophet Muhammad, has the effect of strengthening the faith of a believer, and reminding him or her of Allahs power. Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet said: Indeed, Allah has ninety-nine Names, whoever counts them shall enter Paradise. [4,2] Be mindful of Allah and He will protect you. Certainly you have done a grievous thing." In Sha'ban AH 4 (October 625)[9] Muhammad raised a force of 300 men and 10 horses to meet the Quraysh army of 1,000 at Badr for the second time. Nuaym then came up with an efficient stratagem. Abu Bakr spoke to Abd al-Rahman about Islam, then invited him to meet Muhammad, who heard his declaration of faith and taught him the Islamic prayers.This was before the Muslims had entered the house of Al-Arqam; Abd al-Rahman was one of the first eight men to accept Islam. Though not mentioned by name in the Quran, he is named by Islamic scholars as the figure described in Quran18:6582 as a servant of God who has been given "knowledge" and who is accompanied and questioned by the prophet Musa (Moses) about the many seemingly unjust or inappropriate actions he (Al-Khidr) takes (sinking a ship, killing a young man, repaying inhospitality by repairing a wall). When he saw the Apostle he said, 'By God, I do not blame myself for opposing you, but he who forsakes God will be forsaken.' God will replace the child with one better in purity, affection and obedience. Gabriel appears to al-Khir as a wise human sage, and al-Khir accepts him as his teacher. It is reported by Imam Muslim that during the time when the false Messiah appears and as he approaches at the outskirts of the city of Medina, a believer would challenge him, whom the false Messiah will slice into two pieces and rejoin, making it appear that he caused him to die and be resurrected, to which this man would proclaim the falsehood of the Dajjal who would try again to kill him (or make show of it) but would fail and thus his weakness and inability being made revealed. Women and children were moved to the inner city. Each dome was made of a different kind of precious stone. Among the Zoroastrians, for the pilgrims to Yazd, the most important of the six pir is Pir-e Sabz ("the green shrine"). Moses sets out with a travel companion, and once they reach a certain rock, the fish comes to life, jumps into the water, and swims away. [84] In the story, the Green Knight tempts the faith of Sir Gawain three times. [52], There are many figures in Iran whose place Khidr took by the Islamization process. The last sermon of Prophet Muhammad which he delivered at Hajj, the annual pilgrimage made to Mecca by Muslims all over. Al-Khidr (/ x d r /) (Arabic: , romanized: al-Khair), also transcribed as al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Khizr, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, is a figure described but not mentioned by name in the Quran as a righteous servant of God possessing great wisdom or mystic knowledge. As God's envoy, the Servant restored the wall, showing God's kindness by rewarding the piety of the orphans' father, and so that when the wall becomes weak again and collapses, the orphans will be older and stronger and will take the treasure that belongs to them."[36]. Ask him about a man who traveled a great deal and reached the east and the west of the earth. The character of al-Khir may have come into European literature through the mixing of cultures during the Crusades. Then they went to the Ghatafan tribe with the same call, and they responded too. [28][29], The leaders found that the pact indeed had been renounced and tried in vain to convince the Qurayza to revert by reminding them of the fate of the Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa at the hands of Muhammad. One of them is paradoxically a female figure, Anahita. [49], Ahmadi exegeses of the Quran tend to identify the "Servant of God" whom Moses met to be the symbolic representation of Muhammad himself. Gabriel teaches al-Khir much in the same way as al-Khir later teaches Moses in the Quran, by carrying out seemingly unjust actions. When the Messenger of Allah heard that they had set out, he commanded the Muslims to dig a ditch (Khandaq) around Al-Madinah from the east. He goes on to cite another sound report narrated by ibn Asakir from Abu Zura al-Razi whereby the latter met al-Khir twice, once in his youth, the other in old age, but al-Khir himself had not changed. They had already well nigh fallen out among themselves. Rivers of milk the taste of which will remain unchanged, rivers of wine that will be delicious to those who drink from it and rivers of clear, pure honey. Such suspicions were reinforced by the movement of enemy troops towards the strongholds of the Qurayza. Moses is told to bring a salted fish, and once he found the fish to be missing, he would then find al-Khir. In Islam, Jannah (Arabic: , romanized: janna, pl. [86] He is sometimes pictured as an old man dressed in green, and is believed to ride upon a fish. Jannah or heaven is the hope of every Muslim all of us wish for Jannah in the hereafter. Ibn Sa'd's biography holds her age at the time of marriage as between six and seven, and gives her age at consummation to be nine while Ibn Hisham's [33] So tense was the situation that, for the first time, the canonical daily prayers were neglected by the Muslim community. He refers to a saying of Muhammad that al-Khir ("the Green" or "the Verdant") was named because he sat on a white fur and it shimmered green with him. When Ben Levi questions the prophet, the prophet explains that he killed the cow as a replacement for the soul of the man's wife, who was due to die that day; that he fixed the wall because there was treasure underneath it that the rich man would otherwise have found while fixing it himself; and that his prayer was because a land under a single ruler is preferable to one with multiple ones. [36] On the request of the Banu Aus, who were allied to the Qurayza, Muhammad chose one of them, Sa'ad ibn Mu'adh, as an arbitrator to pronounce judgment upon them. [41] Several accounts note Muhammad's companions as executioners, Umar and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam in particular, and that each clan of the Aws was also charged with killing a group of Qurayza men.[42][43]. [68], Another early story similar to the tale of Khir is of Christian provenance. [30], Scholars argue that Muhammad had already decided upon this judgment before the Qurayza's surrender and that Sa'ad was putting his allegiance to the Muslim community above that to his tribe. Jannah or heaven is the hope of every Muslim all of us wish for Jannah in the hereafter. The enemys tents were torn up, their fires were extinguished, the sand and rain beat in their faces and they were terrified by the portents against them. According to some authors like Abdul Haq Vidhyarthi, al-Khir is Xerxes (a 6th-century Sasanian prince, not to be confused with Xerxes I), who disappeared after being in the lake regions of Sistan that comprise the wetlands of the Irano-Afghan border today, and after finding the fountain of life, sought to live his entire remaining life in service of God and to help those in their path/journey to Him. for more information, see Grdal Aksoy, Surat al Kahf in the Context of the Hellenistic and Enochic Judaism Moses Khidr and Dhul Qarnayn A Revision AN EXTENSIVE SUMMARY. For days the weather had been exceptionally cold and wet. It is essential to point out, Zaynab was one of the hundred female scholars in hadith in the medieval age of Islamic history. New articles are added every week. besieged the area of the Banu Qurayza tribe, A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira, Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fi Imd Ad-Din Isml ibn Umar, Shaja'ah Zubayr ibn al-Awwam Radhiyallahu anh (bravery of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims;The Battle of the Trench, Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad), ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Trench&oldid=1121505126, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. There is no point in you staying here, so retreat! Another group of them asked the Prophets permission to leave, saying, Our homes are vulnerable, while in fact they were not vulnerable. The slogan, 'Allahu Akbar' (God is the greatest) from the dust confirmed Ali's victory. Elijah prays to God to turn everyone in the rich synagogue into rulers, but says that only one person out of the latter should rule. [48] She is said to have later become a Muslim. A saint who reaches this degree receives instruction from Khidr and meets with him. [47], In Ismailism, al-Khir is considered one of the 'permanent Imams'; that is, those who have guided people throughout history.[48]. Hadith On Reciting Before Bed: Narrated Aisha: Whenever the Prophet () went to bed every night, he used to cup his hands together and blow over it after reciting Surat Al-Ikhlas, Surat Al-Falaq and Surat An-Nas, and then rub his hands over whatever parts of his body he was able to rub, starting with his head, face and front of his body. Pray for blessings on another:Muslims do often say mashaAllahwhen praising or admiring someone or something, as a reminder to themselves and others that all good things come from Allah. Islamic sources of the classical era list Aisha's age at the time of her marriage as six or seven and nine or ten at its consummation. Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; I said to her 'You poor soul, what is to happen to you?' According to Ahmadi commentaries, Moses' journey towards, and his meeting with the "servant of God" was a visionary experience similar to the Mi'raj (ascension) of Muhammad whom Moses had desired to see and was shown in this vision. Iblis (Arabic: , romanized: Ibls), alternatively known as Ebls, is the leader of the devils (shayn) in Islam.According to the Quran, Iblis was thrown out of heaven, after he refused to prostrate himself before Adam.Regarding the origin and nature of Iblis, there are essentially two different viewpoints. In Sufi tradition, al-Khir has come to be known as one of those who receive illumination direct from God without human mediation. [67] Ben Jacob may have changed the character of the faulty disciple from Moses to Joshua ben Levi because he was wary of attributing negative qualities to the Jewish prophet and because Ben Levi was already a familiar recurrent character in Jewish literature. Moreover, the lack of Moses' knowledge about the reasons behind worldly events demonstrates Moses's superior rank compared to Al-Khir, similarly to how a servant that sees only the king is superior to another servant who travels for the king, in terms of dearness to the king, with the king representing God. Al-Tabari seems more inclined to believe that al-Khir lived during the time of Afridun before Moses, rather than traveled as Abraham's companion and drank the water of life. Thus the Confederacy should not give a single man a hostage. 'Urwa reported from Abdullah b. Zubair: I made a mention of that to my father, whereupon he said: My son, did you see me (on that occasion)? "[35] Moses promises to be patient and obey him unquestioningly, and they set out together. [31], Muhammad sent three leading Muslims to bring him details of the recent developments. The word khandaq () is the Arabised form of the Middle Persian word kandag (; meaning "that which has been dug"). We must have faith that things happen in our lives for a reason, and not become overly obsessed with the possible effects of the evil eye. As per a hadith there are one of the 3 deeds that continue after death: When a human being dies all his action comes to an end except in one of three ways: A continuing act of charity, a useful contribution to knowledge and a dutiful child who prays for him. Abu Dawood, Muslim, Al-Nassaie and several others. It goes on to say that this wall will be only destroyed on Judgement Day. "[25]:171, Both the fighters got lost in the dust as the duel became intense. While the Ghatafan did not retreat they had compromised themselves by entering into negotiations with Medina, and the Confederacy's internal dissension had thereby been increased. He advised the men to openly declare their findings, should they find the Banu Qurayza to be kind, so as to increase the morale of the Muslim fighters. As they were being taken out in batches to the Apostle they asked Ka`b what he thought would be done with them. [46] The site, six kilometers east of Qom, Iran, has been a pilgrimage destination for the Shia for some time. Included are quotes from every chapter of the Quran. The Islamic scholar Said Nurs also contends[37] that Khidr is alive, but that there are five degrees of life; Khidr is at the second degree of life,[clarification needed] thus some religious scholars have been doubtful about it. The highest and Holy Prophet (PBUH) said regarding this: Being good to parents also a reason to get Jannah. According to Rodinson, there were three dead among the attackers and five among the defenders. "paradise, garden", is the final abode of the righteous. [62] As with Moses and Khir, Ben Levi asks to follow Elijah, who agrees under the condition that the former not question any actions he may take. This advice touched upon the fears the Qurayza had already harbored. The Qurayza should thus demand Confederate leaders as hostages in return for cooperation. [citation needed] There is even one degree of sainthood which is called 'the degree of Khidr.' [32] According to Ibn Ishaq, the situation became serious and fear was everywhere.[34]. [15], Other tribes included the Banu Murra, with 400 men led by Hars ibn Auf Murri, and the Banu Shuja, with 700 men led by Sufyan ibn Abd Shams. The largely outnumbered defenders of Medina, mainly Muslims led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, dug a trench on the suggestion of Salman the Persian,[5] which, together with Medina's natural fortifications, rendered the confederacy's cavalry (consisting of horses and camels) useless, locking the two sides in a stalemate. Verses 926[7] of the chapter retell the Christian folktale of the "companions of the cave". For the bus services, see, Heading for Surah Al-Kahf. Nevertheless, he was unable to prevent the Meccan one. Allah (SWT) has made it easy for us to enter Jannah but some of us forget this due to an attachment to this temporary worldly life. Both characters have some surprisingly common features. The two Quraysh men described their tribesman, Muhammad, to the rabbis. The function of al-Khir as a 'person-archetype' is to reveal each disciple to himself, to lead each disciple to his own theophany, because that theophany corresponds to his own 'inner heaven,' to the form of his own being, to his eternal individuality. The person inflicting the evil eye may do so with or without intention. And how canst thou have patience about things about which thy understanding is not complete? The French scholar of Sufism, Henry Corbin, interprets al-Khir as the mysterious prophet, the eternal wanderer. [20], The siege of Medina began in January 627 and lasted for 20 nights. [ 33:10-22]. Definition of Evil Eye . The story of believers falling asleep in a cave for a long time is present also in the Christian tradition, see Seven Sleepers. For example, the Jewish story involves Ben Levi purposely seeking out Elijah just as God tells Moses to seek out Khir in the Islamic commentaries, whereas the Quran itself never states whether the meeting between Moses and Khir is intentional or accidental. [79] However, the scholar who made this argument recently (2019) revised it. Above all, Quran recitation is perhaps one of the most effective ways of getting Jannah. Huda. [15] Muhammad gathered the Medinans to discuss the best strategy of overcoming the enemy. Then he sat down and his head was struck off. In the eighth line is the name, I am Salman the (?). [4], At about that point, Muhammad received a visit from Nuaym ibn Masud, an Arab leader who was well-respected by the entire confederacy, but who had, unknown to them, secretly converted to Islam. He is the hidden initiator of those who walk the mystical path, like some of those from the Uwaisi tariqa. First, Umar repeatedly asked Muhammad that Allah [66] A close association between Elijah and Khir is also first attested from a number of early Islamic sources. [85] It is also possible that the story derives from an Irish myth which predates the Crusades in which C Chulainn and two other heroes compete for the curadmr, the select portion given to champions, at feasts; ultimately, C Chulainn is the only one willing to let a giant actually a king who has magically disguised himself cut off his head, as per their agreement. Translation Yusuf Ali (Orig. Obsessing or becoming paranoid about the evil eye is itself a sickness (waswaas), as it prevents us from thinking positively about Allahs plans for us. They derive from the Hadith works, notably of Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Learn Religions. [53] Another early source is the history of Muhammad's campaigns by al-Waqidi (d. Ameen! Arab Muslim historian and hagiographer, Ibn Ishaq, reported in his traditional book (oral traditions) of biography of Muhammad, Sirat Rasul Allah that the 18th surah of the Qur'an (which includes the story of Dhu l-Qarnayn) was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by God on account of some questions posed by rabbis residing in the city of Medina the verse was revealed during the Meccan period of Muhammad's life. Islam and Latter-day Saint theology both originate in the Abrahamic tradition; LDS theology differs from Mainstream Christianity for being Non-trinitarian.However, whereas Islam insists upon the Eternity, complete Oneness and Uniqueness of God (), LDS Christianity asserts that the Godhead is made up of three distinct "beings", Heavenly Father, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost so That is to say, they can be present in numerous places at the same time. [82] Khidr's role is expanded in the 13th-century Srat al-Iskandar, where he is Alexander's companion throughout.[83]. Allah Almighty also described Paradise in many places of Holy Quran: The description of Paradise which the Muttaqoon have been promised is that in it are rivers of water, the taste, and smell of which are never changed. Although no fighting occurred, the coastal tribes were impressed with Muslim power. Thereupon he said: By Allah, Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) addressed me saying: I would sacrifice for thee, my father and my mother. It is thought in Sufism that God decides who will be abdal for a decade before an abdal is born. [6][10] This contingent, the second-largest, added a strength of about 2,000 men and 300 horsemen led by Unaina bin Hasan Fazari. We should also pray to Allah to open His arms for someone who has returned to Him and make him enter the doors of Jannah under his shadow. and Moses pleads not to be rebuked. In total, the strength of the Confederate armies, though not agreed upon by scholars, is estimated to have included around 10,000 men and six hundred horsemen. This is similar to message from hadith in Sahih Muslim number 2675: I am near to the thought of my servant as he thinks about me, and I am with him as he remembers me. [16], Finally, the surah mentions in verses 8398[17] a man who traveled a great deal and reached the east and the west of the earth namely, Dhul-Qarnayn. Lecker, "On Arabs of the Ban Kilb executed together with the Ban Qurayza", p. 69. Sahih Muslim 2938a; In-book reference: Book 54, Hadith 136; English translation: Book 41, Hadith 7017; Sahih Muslim 2538a; In-book reference: Book 44, Hadith 310; English translation: Book 31, Hadith 6162; Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. When they awoke they found that the people of the city had become believers. If the siege fails, he said, the Confederacy will not be afraid to abandon the Jews, leaving them at the mercy of Muhammad. What the Quran and Hadith Say About the Evil Eye. [17][18] The ditch was dug on the northern side only, as the rest of Medina was surrounded by rocky mountains and trees, impenetrable to large armies (especially cavalry). Finally, the soldiers heard screams which hinted at decisive blows, but it was unclear which of the two was successful. On the other hand, the harvest had been gathered and the besiegers had some trouble finding food for their horses, which proved of no use to them in the attack. In certain parts of India, al-Khir is also known as Khawaja Khidr, a river spirit of wells and streams. Huyayy ibn Akhtab, along with other leaders from Khaybar, traveled to swear allegiance with Safwam ibn Umayya at Mecca. Jannat ul Firdaus is the ultimate wish of every Muslim. Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain, by Hakim al-Nishaburi. ", Verse 36 explains that The rich man also told his companion that he doubted the existence of Judgment Day. Khidr and Ilyas are free to an extent. The Cave, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Kahf&oldid=1118073578, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 01:56. [69] The tale of the angel and the monk is part of a wider Late Antique Christian tradition of theodicy, which may have influenced the author of the Quran. The Servant reminds Moses of his warning, "Did I not say that you will not be able to have patience with me?" [citation needed]. [24], The name "al-Khir" shares exactly the same triliteral root as the Arabic al-akhar or al-khara, a root found in several Semitic languages meaning "green" or "verdant" (as in al-Qubbah al-Khar or the Green Dome). the infidels) and they will not come to attack us.". We all want to get Jannah for that we have to perform good deeds and actions. The tactic of a defensive trench was introduced by Salman the Persian. In one of hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said: Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said in one of His hadith: Whoever remained righteous will lead towards Jannah. [63], This Jewish legend is first attested in an Arabic work by the eleventh-century Tunisian Jewish scholar Nissim ben Jacob, some four hundred years after the composition of the Quran. Muhammad did not answer the question until then. When the Banu Qurayza tribe surrendered, the Muslim army seized their stronghold and their possessions for their acts. She went away and was beheaded for her acts. They numbered nearly eight hundred fighters. The Quraysh came out with their company of men from various tribes and their followers, under the leadership of Abu Sufyan Sakhr bin Harb. Some contemporary scholars have disagreed with this assessment;[25] however some others point to a possible reference to the Mesopotamian figure Utnapishtim from the Epic of Gilgamesh through the Arabization of his nickname, "Hasisatra". Ja'far al-Sadiq narrates in Kitab al-Kafi that after entering the sacred Mosque in Mecca, Ali, Hasan ibn Ali, and Husayn ibn Ali were visited by a good looking, well dressed man who asked them a series of questions. According to Ibn Ishaq, when Muhammad was informed of the three questions from the rabbis, he said that he would have the answers in the morning but did not say "if God wills it". He sent word to Ghatafan, trying to pay for their defection and offering them a third of Medina's date harvest if they withdrew. So getting Jannah in hereafter it is the objective of every Muslim in this world to do all the good deeds possible that ensure going into Paradise. [6][17] The Medinans harvested all their crops early, so the Confederate armies would have to rely on their own food reserves. 33:15 They had already pledged to Allah earlier never to turn their backs in retreat. Following are some ways regarding the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) which will show us how to get Jannah in the hereafter. 9", Surat Al-Kahf (18:34) The Holy Qur'an , Surah Al-Kahf (18:3244) The Holy Qur'an , Surat Al-Kahf (18:6082) The Holy Qur'an , The Story of Musa and Al-Khidr Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Surat Al-Kahf (18:8398) The Holy Qur'an , The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/18. [40] Al-Khir is also said to have been appointed to be over the vanguard of the king Dhul-Qarnayn the Elder, who in this version is identified as the king Afridun. stanbul: Szler Neriyat. Most Muslim scholars agree that in Islam the saliva of a dog is ritually impure and that objects (or perhaps persons) that come into contact with a dog's saliva require them to be washed seven times. Du'a: Muslim Prayers For Healing Sickness, Ramadan Mubarak and Other Ramadan Greetings, The Stages of Hajj, the Islamic Pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah), The Dead Sea and Its Importance in Islamic Tradition, Biography of the Prophet Muhammad's Later Life, Shahaadah: Declaration of Faith: Pillar of Islam, Du'a: Islamaic Prayers of Thanks to Allah, Lessons from the Qur'an Regarding Gossip and Backbiting, B.S., Child Development, Oregon State University. Angels may also appear in their glorified form with wings, of course. According to this view, although Khidr has some common features arising from the mythological personality of Eliyah transferred from Kothar and Hasis, he is in fact a syncretic form of Enoch and Eliyah. "Why?" [29] Finally, it has been suggested that the name of Khidr is derived from Arabic 'hadara', a verb meaning 'to be present' or 'be in the presence', and it was explained over time by a similar Arabic word meaning 'green', ("al-akhar") 'to be green' in Arabic. Allah alone can relieve our distress, and we must seek protection only from Him. After consulting, the Confederate leaders sent Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl to the Qurayza, signaling a united invasion of Medina. The name of the shrine derives from the greenness of the foliage growing around the sanctuary. Sa'ad, who later died of his wounds from the battle, decreed the sentence, in which some of the men fighters shall be killed and some of their women and children enslaved. In verses 3244 the surah discusses a parable of two men, one of whom had been given blessings from God and the other poor. When you ask, ask how many times is wisdom mentioned in the new testament. [36], The men numbering between 400 and 900[37] were bound and placed under the custody of Muhammad ibn Maslamah, while the women and children were placed under Abdullah ibn Salam, a former rabbi who had converted to Islam.[11][38]. Ibn Hajar declared the claim of the first fair and that of the second sound in Fath al-Bari (1959 ed. They had taken part in the expedition in hopes of plunder, rather than for personal reasons. "[14] It was also mostly due to some Meccan hate from the disbelievers to finish off the Muslims, as the prophet had given Makkah a new religion, Islam, which was meddling with the old ways, Idol Worship, and challenging with the authority of the elderly that held Makkah in a dictatorship. The Five Pillars of Islam are duties incumbent to every Muslim; they are: Shahadah (profession of faith); Salat (ritual prayer); Zakat (charity); Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). * * * What Ty Taught Me It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of Islam. Hadith On Reciting Before Bed: Narrated Aisha: Whenever the Prophet () went to bed every night, he used to cup his hands together and blow over it after reciting Surat Al-Ikhlas, Surat Al-Falaq and Surat An-Nas, and then rub his hands over whatever parts of his body he was able to rub, starting with his head, face and front of his body. [16] From the Banu Sulaym, the Nadir secured 700 men, though this force would likely have been much larger had not some of its leaders been sympathetic towards Islam. ", The Servant of God replies, "This shall be separation between me and you; now I will inform you of the significance of that with which you could not have patience. [26] Ali, as per his principles, allowed Amr's entourage to retreat; Ali never pursued a fleeing enemy. [7] The figure of al-Khidr has been syncretized over time with various other figures including Draoa[8] and Sorsh in Iran,[9][10][11] Sargis the General[12][13] and Saint George in Asia Minor and the Levant,[14] Samael (the divine prosecutor) in Judaism, Elijah among the Druze, John the Baptist in Armenia, and Jhulelal[15] in Sindh and Punjab in South Asia.[16][17][18][19][20][21]. Observing his growth as a Muslim, and his death as a Muslim, has made the entire journey of being a stepparent worth it. The Most Precious of Deeds and the Most Valuable in Worth by Shaykh Sleh Sind [30], In the Quran 18:6582, Moses meets the Servant of God, referred to in the Quran as "one of our slaves whom We had granted mercy from Us and whom We had taught knowledge from Ourselves". Here the worshippers pray for the fertilising rain and celebrate the greening of nature and the renewal of life. When they do, they may inspire people to praise God. In the hereafter, we go to Jannah (Paradise) or Jahannam (Hell-fire) depends upon the deeds that we did in worldly life. Many mystics and some scholars, who give credence to Abu Ishaq's narration of a hadith about Khidr's meeting with Dajjal,[22] believe that Khidr is still alive, whereas for others there are contradictory, more reliable narrations[23] and ayahs. Adbals are thought as the gainers of mysterious power that is knowing the future also called Ilm-e-ladunni. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand Islam and Muslims. And a pledge to Allah must be answered for. In a divinely-instituted hierarchy of such saints, al-Khir holds the rank of their spiritual head. Learn Religions, Aug. 27, 2020, learnreligions.com/evil-eye-in-islam-2004032. [80] There are also several versions of the Alexander Romance in which al-Khir figures as a servant of Alexander the Great. In another narration al-Khir met with Ali by the Kaaba and instructed him about a supplication that is very meritorious when recited after the obligatory prayers. [80] In one version, al-Khir and Dhul-Qarnayn cross the Land of Darkness to find the Water of Life. [11] The loud voices, in which the troops prayed every night, created the illusion of a large force. [22] Since sieges were uncommon in Arabian warfare, the arriving Confederates were unprepared to deal with the trenches dug by the Muslims. However, Muhammad's diplomacy derailed the negotiations, and broke up the confederacy against him. According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad's tribe, the powerful Quraysh, were greatly concerned about their tribesman who had started claiming prophethood and wished to consult rabbis about the matter. and that the story probably reached Muhammad "through the intermediary of some Christian informant, presumably some monk well-versed in the numerous old Christian legends of anchorites and hermits. Al-Tabari describes several versions of the traditional story surrounding al-Khir. Yet again Moses is amazed and violates his oath for the third and last time, asking why the Servant did not at least exact "some recompense for it. After their wedding celebrations, Khurram "finding her in appearance and character elect among all the women of Immediately after hearing the rumors about the Qurayza, Muhammad had sent 100 men to the inner city for its protection. [51] These include the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad, and quotes attributed to him (the sira and hadith literature), which provide further information on Muhammad's life. [54] Druze, believe that Elijah ("El-Khidr") came back as John the Baptist,[53] or as Saint George, since they belief in reincarnation and the transmigration of the soul, Druze believe that El Khidr and John the Baptist are Saint George are one and the same. [32], The Muslims found themselves in greater difficulties by day. Muhammad approved of this decision, and the next day the sentence was carried out. Because the people of Adal and Qarah had betrayed the Muslims and killed them at the opportune moment, Maududi believes the metaphor means the Qurayza were thought to be about to do the same. In various Islamic and non-Islamic traditions, Khidr is described as a messenger, prophet or wali,[3][4] who guards the sea, teaches secret knowledge[5] and aids those in distress. [10]:18:27 Ibn Kathir says this verse means of the words in the Quran, "no one can alter them, distort them or misinterpret them. [citation needed] The saints are those who uncover and witness the realities of creation, and the reports of their adventures with Khidr are unanimous and elucidate and point to this level of life. The most popular shrine in Yazd is dedicated to Anahita. These were some ways of getting Jannah there are many other ways that are not mentioned in this article which we should follow. Salman the Persian advised Muhammad to dig a trench around the city. [58], Each year from 1418 June, many thousands of Zoroastrians from Iran, India and other countries make a pilgrimage to Yazd in Iran to worship at a hillside grotto containing the sacred spring dedicated to Pir-e Sabz. I asked her. [3], In accordance with the plan, the armies began marching towards Medina, Meccans from the south (along the coast), and the others from the east. Ibn Ishaq describes the killing of the Banu Qurayza men as follows: Then they surrendered, and the Apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. [44] He does not state clearly why he has this preference, but rather seems to prefer the chain of sources (the isnad) of the former story rather than the latter. Like some other scholars, Brannon M. Wheeler notes that the story does not appear to have any direct Christian or Jewish antecedent. Consulted online on 14 November 2019 <. The Confederacy, considering that the Qurayza might give the hostage to Muhammad, refused. Medina, officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (Arabic: , romanized: al-Madnah al-Munawwarah, lit. Muhammad asked him to end the siege by creating discord amongst Confederates. In the writings of Abd al-Karim al-Jili, al-Khir rules over the Men of the Unseen' (rijalul-ghayb) the exalted saints and angels. [72], Schwarzbaum has argued that the Quranic narrative originated in a Late Antique context in which Christian theodicy legends involving monks were popular, with being the equivalent of the Christian pneumatic with knowledge derived directly from the Divine. Examples of those who have claimed this are Abdul-Qadir Gilani, al-Nawawi, Ibn Arabi, Sidi Abdul Aziz ad-Dabbagh and Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi. Also, it features Live Help Although amongst the Sunni scholars there is a difference of opinion whether he still lives, amongst Sunni Sufis there is almost a consensus that al-Khir is alive, with many respected figures, shaykhs, and prominent leaders claiming to have had personal encounters with him. The Quran explains: The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, spoke about the reality of the evil eye, and advised his followers to recite certain verses of the Quran to protect themselves. There was another tent for Banu Ghaffar in the mosque and the blood started flowing from Sa'd's tent to the tent of Bani Ghaffar. As a consequence, the Muslim army besieged the area of the Banu Qurayza tribe, leading to their surrender. [11], The failure of the siege marked the beginning of Muhammad's undoubted ascendency in the city of Medina. And as for the boy, his parents were believers and we feared lest he should make disobedience and ingratitude to come upon them. Al-Khir is also included among what in classical Sufism are called the abdl (those who take turns). Khir is similar to Utnapishtim in that they are both considered immortalalthough the former's immortality is mentioned only in later Islamic sources, not the Qur'anand in that Moses encounters Khir at the "meeting place of the two waters", while Gilgamesh visits Utnapishtim at the "mouth of the waters". Al-Kahf[2] (Arabic: , al-kahf; meaning: The Cave) is the 18th chapter (srah) of the Quran with 110 verses (yt). Practice Islam as much as you can He who loves my Sunnah has loved me, and he who loves me will be with me in Paradise. -The Prophet Muhammad (Tirmidhi) As a new Muslim, you will have trouble keeping up with prayers every day, fasting during Ramadan, [61], In one of the most influential hypotheses on the source of the Khir story, the early twentieth-century Dutch historian Arent Jan Wensinck[de] argued that the tale was derived from a Jewish legend involving the Talmudic rabbi Joshua ben Levi and the Biblical prophet Elijah. [15], The bulk of the Confederate armies were gathered by the Quraysh of Makkah, led by Abu Sufyan, who fielded 4,000-foot soldiers, 300 horsemen, and 1,0001,500 men on camels. To enter one of the eight doors of Jannah in Islam, Muslims are required to perform righteous deeds, be truthful, search for knowledge, fear the most merciful, go to mosque every morning and afternoon, be free of arrogance as well as the spoils of war and debt, repeat the call to prayer sincerely and from the heart, build a mosque, be When danger comes, you see them staring at you with their eyes rolling like someone in the throes of death. Forgetting his oath, Moses says, "Have you made a hole in it to drown its inmates? Dhul-Qarnayn gets lost looking for the spring but al-Khir finds it and gains eternal life. [35], Following the retreat of the Confederate army, the Banu Qurayza neighborhoods were besieged by the Muslims. They shouted, "O occupants of the tent! A rock inscription was discovered in mount Sela; In the fourth and fifth line appear the words, I am Muhammad ibn Abdullah and that is the full name of the prophet Muhammad as his father was Abdullah. Huyay bin Akhtab An-Nadari went to them and kept trying to persuade them until they broke the treaty and went over to the side of the Confederates against the Messenger of Allah. There may even be instances when a biological cause, such as mental illness, is attributed to the evil eye and thus sound medical treatment is not pursued. But sometimes the one at that degree is mistaken to be Khidr himself.[37]. Dua:It is recommended to recite some of the following dua. If he tells you about these things, then he is a Prophet, so follow him, but if he does not tell you, then he is a man who is making things up, so deal with him as you see fit."[20]. For the type of modern warfare, see, Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. Kister, "The Massacre of the Banu Quraiza", pp. [11][33], Abu Sufyan summoned Huyayy ibn Akhtab, informing him of Qurayza's response. He at one time leaned for me and I cast a glance and at another time I leaned for him and he would see and I recognized my father as he rode on his horse with his arms towards the tribe of Quraizah. A Moroccan Sufi, Abdul Aziz ad-Dabbagh, insists that al-Khir is a wali and not a prophet. Aksoy 2012, p. 65-80; Elizabeth Key Fowden. Ali asked Hasan to track the whereabouts of the visitor, but when he could not, Ali revealed the identity of the man to be Khidr. Dr. M. Said Ramadan Al-Buti "Jurisprudence of Muhammads Biography", p. 73, English edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt (1988). Faith and good deeds will lead us to get Jannah. Ali said that he was Khir.[38]. The Confederates tried to attack with horsemen in hopes of forcing a passage, but the Medinans were rigidly entrenched, preventing such a crossing. He stated that the tribe intended to ask the Confederacy for hostages, ostensibly in return for cooperation, but really to hand over to Muhammad. [34] The Servant informs him that "surely you [Moses] cannot have patience with me. Jealousy and envy should not enter the heart of a person who believes that Allah has bestowed blessings on people according to His will. 'Amr challenged the Muslims to a duel. Achieved so without traveling the path of Sufism with other leaders from Khaybar, traveled to swear with... A lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of Islam 6 ] is! Many figures in Iran whose place Khidr took by the movement of enemy troops towards strongholds. Leading to their surrender and believing otherwise is a wali and not a Prophet essential to point out Zaynab. The situation became serious and fear was everywhere. [ 38 ] of Allah and he will you! Given the right to sainthood from the Uwaisi tariqa suits of armour, and poor weather conditions caused siege... Parents also a reason to get Jannah of such saints, al-Khir is also included among what in Sufism. Ride upon a fish name, I am Salman the (?.! 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