2, In three cases the number of recommendations was sufficiently small that recommendation rates were not calculated. These rates will depend on the number of applicants for the exercise as well as the number of posts available so that comparisons of rates between exercises should be avoided. 23, The mandatory retirement age for most judges is 70 years. Black, Asian and minority ethnic representation varied by the type of non-legal post, with 29% of medical members and 6% of disability members being from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds. From application[footnote 52], recommendation rates for all gender-ethnicity-profession groups were lower than the rate for White male ever barristers, apart from White female ever barristers whose rate was equivalent. Edward Douglas White (1896) Rufus Wheeler Peckham (1898) . Disability: For legal exercises overall, candidates with a disability had a lower recommendation rate from application (8%) than candidates without a disability (17%). Of all non-legal tribunal members as at April 2021: Statistics on the intersection of gender and ethnicity groups in the magistracy were not available this year, but we are looking to improve this for future iterations of this publication. Women constitute 39% of barristers, 52% of solicitors and 76% of Chartered Legal Executives. She read law at Girton College Cambridge and Harvard Law School. The Eligible Pool (EP) for an exercise presents the gender, ethnicity and professional background of individuals who meet the minimum eligibility requirements including minimum years of experience for a specific legal exercise[footnote 16]. For court and tribunal posts requiring 5 years or more experience, applicants have around 15 years experience on average[footnote 23]. The six other Justices who voted in support of Roe were Justices Burger, Douglas, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, and Powell. White then joined the Navy as an intelligence officer in 1942, where he met fellow sailor John F. Kennedy. , The Cabinet Office guidance is published here: https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/writing-about-ethnicity, The Sewell Report is published here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-commission-on-race-and-ethnic-disparities, This is different from the governments recommendation of including White minority groups in the Black, Asian and minority ethnic group so that all ethnic minorities are considered together. Across all legal exercises in 2020-2021, there was a, Overall, 32% of court judges and 64% of tribunal judges were from non-barrister backgrounds (mostly solicitors). The Senate confirmed the appointment on April 16, 1962 and White took the oath of office that same day. 3 of these were shortlisted and 1 recommended for immediate appointment. This pattern is true for Asian and mixed ethnicity, but not so for Black and Other ethnic groups. Gov. , In contrast to gender and ethnicity, comparisons in this section are based on applications, rather than the eligible pool. White women with solicitor professional backgrounds tend to make up around a quarter of tribunal judicial posts. Please be seated whilst the Commission is read. Judges may hold more than one post at a time, for example some judges sit in more than one chamber, tribunal or court. This data is presented in Table 2.5 of the accompanying tables. Deb Haaland United States Secretary of the Interior A substantial majority of the senior court judicial posts (High Court and above) are held by White male former barristers. Table cells highlighted in orange indicate a statistically significant result. There are a small number of posts that are by definition not primary appointments, for example Upper Tier Tribunal President and Employment Appeal Tribunal President. Female solicitors were the largest gender-profession group among applications to judicial appointments, but the smallest group among recommendations. Individuals from Black backgrounds had consistent representation across new entrants, in post judges and leavers. The Relative Rate Index (RRI) is used to compare the relative success of two different groups, for example men and women. The US Justice Department has appointed an independent special counsel to oversee criminal investigations related to former President Donald Trump and decide whether to bring any charges now that . Four presidents Andrew Johnson, William Henry Harrison, Zachary Taylor, and Jimmy Carter made zero Supreme Court appointments. However, due to the risk of disclosure from small numbers in a single year, only data for the aggregated Black, Asian and minority ethnic group is provided for the 2020-21 data. Figure 31: representation of ever solicitors by exercise stage, large legal exercises. The following sections provide more detailed statistics on ethnicity. Therefore, for this most recent year of data, we consider candidates from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds together as one group and compare their progression outcomes to White candidates. (Getty Images) Posts requiring a minimum 5 years legal experience, as a barrister, solicitor or Chartered Legal Executive, Posts requiring a minimum 7 years legal experience as a barrister or solicitor, Posts requiring previous judicial experience (in addition to a number of years of legal experience), 18 were for tribunal posts, of which 9 were for non-legal tribunal member posts, 2,127 applications for legal posts, with 344 recommendations, 1,344 applications for non-legal posts, with 455 recommendations, Court positions requiring 5 years PQE: average PQE of applicants was 17 years, with a range of 5 to 41 years, Court positions requiring 7 years PQE: average 27 years, range 7 to 48 years, Tribunal positions requiring 5 years PQE: average 18 years, range 5 to 41 years, Tribunal positions requiring 7 years PQE: average 22 years, range 7 to 38 years. As all of these estimates were statistically significant, we are confident that there is disparity in the progression rates of these ethnicity-profession groups. , Detailed figures for both methods are available in the accompanying data tables. General information about the official statistics system of the United Kingdom is available from: https://uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/about-the-authority/uk-statistical-system/. Updated May 13, 2022 3:15 PM. From 1977-1978 White was an associate to Sir Nigel Bowen, the first Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia. Of all applicants for court and tribunal positions requiring at least 5 years post-qualification experience, applicants had around 17 years experience on average. Rates for Mixed ethnicity candidates were an estimated 82% higher than for White candidates. Female ever solicitors also had lower recommendation rates than male ever solicitors and female ever barristers in Recorder exercises. Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. The proportion of women entering non-legal member roles in 2020-21 (63%) was higher than for those in post as at 1 April 2021 (53%). appointed to the federal district court.10 Over the years, women and people of color have made inroads into the federal judiciary, but until Jimmy Carter took office only eight women had ever been appointed to Article III judgeships and only six served at that time. However, compared to the pre-JAC years (1998-99 to 2005-06), there has been a clear increase in the representation of women and Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates at both the application and recommendation stages since the JAC was established, for the four appointments where data is consistently available[footnote 22]. The rest (Circuit Judge, Deputy District Judge and Recorder) had similar or slightly lower representation among recommended candidates than all applications, Candidates with an ethnicity other than Asian, Black, Mixed or White constituted 1% of applications and 1% of recommendations; this compares with an expected 2% of recommendations if these were in line with the eligible pool, Recommendation rates from the eligible pool for candidates from Other ethnic backgrounds were an estimated 44% lower than the rates for White candidates (shown by the estimated RRI of 0.56), a statistically significant result (Figure 16), The shortlisting rate from application was slightly lower for Other candidates (30%) than White candidates (36%), The recommendation rate from the shortlist stage for Other candidates (45%) was the same as that for White candidates (45%), The recommendation rate from application for Other candidates (13%) was close to that of White candidates (16%), No individual exercise types had high enough numbers of Other ethnicity recommended candidates for an RRI covering all stages to be reliably calculated. The proportion of women judges remains lower in courts than tribunals and has increased more quickly in tribunals in the last year. The large difference in the Recorder exercise is likely to contribute heavily to the overall (not statistically significant) difference seen, as Recorder was by far the largest exercise completed in 2020-21, with 1,001 applicants. By Grace Barbic gbarbic@lawbulletinmedia.com. SUPREME COURT HISTORICAL SOCIETY . Due to small numbers for individual ethnicity groups within the Black, Asian and minority ethnic category, here we only consider the aggregated category overall. A similar pattern across all legal professions, with over half of those with 15 or more years PQE being aged 50 and over. Figure 44: representation of ethnicity-profession groups by primary appointment, April 2021. The proportion of individuals aged 50 and over tends to decrease between the application and recommendation stages, though this was not the case for every exercise. An RRI is only available for Black candidates across all legal exercises combined and is described above, For most exercise types considered, representation was higher at the application stage than the eligible pool, apart from Recorder where it was the same, Again for all exercise types considered, representation among recommended candidates was lower than among all applications, Mixed ethnicity candidates constituted 4% of applications and 3% of recommendations; this compares with an expected 2% of recommendations if these were in line with the eligible pool, Recommendation rates from the eligible pool for mixed ethnicity candidates were an estimated 82% higher than for White candidates (shown by the estimated RRI of 1.82). The professional background of applicants for judicial appointment is analysed using two separate methods: current legal role compares applicants who have declared their current legal role as solicitor with those declaring their current legal role as barrister[footnote 43]. Just like Trump, President Obama appointed two justices while he was in office. This difference is not statistically significant. President Museveni has appointed Justices Christopher Madrama Izama, Stephen Musota and Elizabeth Musoke to the Supreme Court, his press team have said. , The progression rates for each group are almost identical across the two methodologies. The proportion of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals among non-legal members new entrants in 2020-21 was lower (15%) than of those in post as at 1 April 2021 (17%). These averages should be treated with caution, because high average PQE among applicants does not necessarily proffer a better chance of success. Alito was previously appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the . Find the perfect judge appointed to black & white image. You can change your cookie settings at any time. A characteristic is considered to be unknown if an individual has asked for their data to not be shared further, has chosen prefer not to say, or has left the answer blank. A higher proportion of those in more senior roles are aged 50 or over, compared to those in less senior positions: Across all legal exercises, those aged 50 and over accounted for 41% of applications, 46% of those shortlisted and 39% of those recommended for appointment. From 2020 to 2021, the proportion women increased from 32.40% to 33.82% for court judges and from 46.55% to 49.94% for tribunal judges, As an illustration, based on the 2011 Census data the proportion was 50.5%. Further investigation into the relationship between experience and success in the judicial appointments process is currently being conducted by the Judicial Diversity Forum. As a result, in this publication we refer to ethnicity data using the high-level categories of those who self-identify as coming from an Asian or Asian British, Black or Black British, Mixed, White or Other ethnic background. An appellate court including two Trump-appointed jurists sided with voting rights advocates and ordered the state to create a fairer and more representative map. Statistics on non-legal tribunal members are discussed in the final chapter Non-legal and Magistrates only. 34% of court judges and 50% of tribunal judges were women as at 1 April 2021. Individuals from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds together represented 10% of the Queens Counsel (barristers), 16% of partners (solicitors) and 10% of partners (Chartered Legal Executives). Counts and percentages therefore cover applications and recommendations across the whole three-year period. Recommendation rates for ever solicitors were lower than for ever barristers, with the biggest difference after the shortlisting stage (Figure 29). The tolerance zone is shaded grey; results falling within this zone are considered to represent no practical disparity. Among legal professionals with 15 or more years PQE, Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals together make up 14% of barristers, 12% of solicitors and 7% of Chartered Legal Executives. President Kennedy then selected White as his nominee to replace the retiring Associate Justice Charles E. Whittaker in March 1962. Considering each profession as a whole, Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals together constituted 15% of barristers, 18% of solicitors and 14% of Chartered Legal Executives, though representation of these ethnic minorities generally fell with increasing experience and seniority. Below the senior courts, Circuit Judges, Recorders and Judge Advocates have the highest proportion of White former (or still practicing) barristers in post. For court judges, in 2020-21, the proportion of non-barristers leaving the judiciary (33%) was slightly higher than of those in post (32%) and those entering (31%) (Figure 33). Black, Asian and minority ethnic male and female barristers and solicitors all had similar representation among recommendations, of which White male barristers constituted almost a third. This includes the Employment Tribunal Scotland, in addition to tribunals in England and Wales. neither of their parents attended university), Candidates who attended university but whose parents did not had a lower recommendation rate from application (16%) than candidates who attended university and one or both of their parents also attended university (18%), 11% of applicants and 10% of recommendations were lesbian, gay or bisexual, candidates who declared themselves to be lesbian, gay or bisexual (22%) had a slightly lower recommendation rate from application than those who declared themselves to be heterosexual (24%), the religion or belief with the largest representation among both applications and recommendations was Christian (49% and 46% respectively), followed by individuals who declared no religion or atheist (32% and 35% respectively), the highest recommendation rates from application were for candidates who declared themselves to be Buddhist (34%), followed by candidates who declared themselves as Hindu (29%), In comparison, those declaring themselves as Christian had a recommendation rate from application of 22%, comparing application to recommendation stages for non-legal exercises as a whole, success rates for women were 18% higher than for men (RRI = 1.18), a statistically significant result, Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals constituted 24% of applications and 27% of recommendations, Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates had a recommendation rate from application on par with that of White candidates (indicated by the RRI estimate of 1.14 being not statistically significant), Asian or Asian British individuals constituted 14% of applications and 17% of recommendations, Black or Black British individuals constituted 4% of applications and 4% of recommendations, Mixed ethnicity individuals constituted 3% of applications and 3% of recommendations, Other ethnicity individuals constituted 1% of applications and 1% of recommendations, Other ethnicity candidates had a recommendation rate from application on par with that of White candidates, Black, Asian and minority ethnic men constituted 10% of applications and 13% of recommendations, Black, Asian and minority ethnic women constituted 13% of applications and 13% of recommendations, Black, Asian and minority ethnic women had a recommendation rate from application that was 33% higher than that of White men, Black, Asian and minority ethnic women had a recommendation rate from application that was equivalent to that of White women, White women constituted 47% of applications and 51% of recommendations, White women had a recommendation rate from application that was 40% higher than that of White men, 44% of those recommended for appointment were aged 50 or over, 24% of applications and 15% of those recommended declared themselves to have a disability, the recommendation rate from application for candidates with a disability was lower (22%) than for candidates without a disability (39%), Candidates who attended a UK state school accounted for the majority of applications (71%) and recommendations (65%), but had a lower recommendation rate from application (32%) compared to those who attended a UK independent or fee-paying school (44%), Candidates who attended university and one or more parent also did, accounted for the majority of applications (58%) and recommendations (63%), There were no candidates who did not attend university, Candidates who attended university but whose parents did not had a similar recommendation rate from application (36%) to candidates who attended university and one or both parents also did (37%), Asian or Asian British individuals constituted 12% of all non-legal tribunal members and 7% of magistrates, Black or Black British individuals constituted 2% of all non-legal tribunal members and 4% of magistrates, Mixed ethnicity individuals constituted 1% of all non-legal tribunal members and 1% of magistrates, Individuals from other ethnicities constituted 2% of all non-legal tribunal members and 1% of magistrates, Black, Asian and minority ethnic men constituted 10%, Black, Asian and minority ethnic women constituted 7%, A supporting guide providing further information on how the data is collected and processed, and including information about the quality of the statistics in relation to their use, A set of data tables, providing more detailed statistics on the legal professions, judicial appointments and judicial office holders. Black, Asian and minority ethnic representation in exercises tended to be higher at the application stage than in the eligible pool, but lower at recommendation than at the application stage. , In the Gender-Profession, Ethnicity-Profession and Gender-Ethnicity-Profession sections, RRIs comparing groups recommendation rates from application are presented, as opposed to recommendation rates from the eligible pool, because of how dominant solicitors are in the overall eligible pool (they constitute 88% of it in this case). , Individuals who have completed the academic stage of training, been in qualifying employment for at least 3 years (at least one in the Graduate membership grade of CILEX) and have met the Work Based Learning outcomes. The JAC figures include all exercises which closed[footnote 12] between 1 April 2020 and 31 March 2021[footnote 13], of which there were 33. These are a guide to actual levels of experience of applicants, and are therefore different from the eligible pool which is based on all those eligible for a role (many of whom will not apply). White women accounted for 35% and White men accounted for the remaining 55%. This section covers roles which do not require a legal background non-legal members in tribunals, and magistrates. Figure 28: representation of gender-ethnicity groups by primary appointment, April 2021. Non-legal members tended to be older than judges on average, with 86% of those in post being 50 and over, and 58% being 60 and over. 72% of court judges and 72% of tribunal judges were aged 50 and over, with 37% aged 60 and over in courts and 40% in tribunals. Promotions: Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals constituted 12% of promotions in the courts and 13% of promotions in the tribunals. Among barristers, women constituted a lower proportion than men at both the lower (junior barrister) and higher (Queens Counsel) seniority levels (Figure 2). whether ever a solicitor, or ever a barrister) as well as their current legal role at time of application. Black, Asian and minority ethnic representation has increased slightly in recent years. Figure 16: RRI for ethnic minorities compared to White candidates from eligible pool to recommendation, in legal selection exercises between April 2018 and March 2021. Since 2012 (the earliest year with data available on both courts and tribunals), the numbers of court judges (3,575 in 2012), and tribunal judges (2,060 in 2012) have both decreased. Born on Nov. 3, 1845, at the family plantation at Thibodaux, La., Edward Douglass White was the son of a lawyer and sugar planter. Statistics on the more granular groups are available as an aggregation of numbers of candidates over the previous 3 years of data (2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21), and so are only available in the JAC_3_years tables. Once this slacker finally finished law school in 1946, he rose through the ranks, from law clerk for Supreme Court Chief Justice Fred Vinson, to Assistant Attorney General under JFK, and finally to a Kennedy appointee to the Big Court itself in 1962. For comparisons with the White group as a whole, when we use the term ethnic minorities it is excluding White minorities. Representation of these groups differed between courts and tribunals, with a. There was considerable variation across exercises run in 2020-21. This publication is based on data covering around 17,100 barristers, 154,200 solicitors, 8,800 Chartered Legal Executives, 33 legal and non-legal selection exercises run by the JAC in 2020-21 (with 3,471 applications and 799 recommendations) and 3,314 court judges and 1,711 tribunal judges in post as at 1 April 2021. In courts 37% of judges were aged 60 and over, while that figure was 40% in tribunals. Below is a comprehensive list of the lawyers of color who will hold positions in the Biden Administration. Across all legal exercises in this three-year period, Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates together constituted 23% of applications (3,145) and 12% of recommendations for appointment (228). 50% of all tribunal judges 3 percentage points higher than in 2020 and 7 percentage points higher than in 2014. In 2013, Justice Holder White was sworn in . Byron "Whizzer" Raymond White (June 8, 1917 - April 15, 2002) was an American lawyer and professional football player who was an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1962 to 1993. At 1 April 2021, White men constituted the highest proportion of barristers (53%), followed by White women (32%), Black, Asian and minority ethnic men (8%) and Black, Asian and minority ethnic women (7%). Sir Rupert Jackson (Lord Justice Jackson) is to become Editor-in-Chief of legal . The most recent estimate, based on 2011 Census data, is that 8% of the working age population (16-64) in England and Wales are from Asian or Asian British backgrounds. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. The White Book is the leading civil procedure court book in England and Wales. 4 Justice White, on behalf of all the Judges of the Court and on my own behalf I congratulate you on These statistics cover groups at the intersection of ethnicity and ever profession and thus only Black, Asian and minority ethnic and White ever solicitors and barristers are considered. Again, there are different broad patterns depending on the definition of the eligible pool: Figure 5: representation of women at different exercise stages, by eligible pool type (all legal exercises completed in 2020-21). The number of magistrates has fallen steadily in recent years, decreasing by 50% from 25,170 since 2012. Senior appointments[footnote 14] are not covered in the main commentary but are included in the accompanying tables, and exercises with fewer than 10 recommendations are grouped to maintain applicant confidentiality. Figure 18: representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals among court and tribunal judges from 2014. White women constituted two thirds (67%) of Chartered Legal Executives. Grade One in 2004 and rose through the ranks. Byron Raymond "Whizzer" White (June 8, 1917 - April 15, 2002) won fame both as a football halfback and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. , Population estimates by ethnicity are not routinely published for more recent years and the Census figures are as used in the Government Ethnicity Facts and Figures2, The ethnicity declaration rate for solicitors in PQE band 0-4 is below the required level and the representation percentage has been excluded from this publication. In order to present more detailed statistics on the progression of candidates from Asian, Black, Mixed and Other ethnic backgrounds without risking disclosure of sensitive information, we have aggregated data from the three most recent years of judicial appointments. Conversely, the non-barristers proportion among District Judges and Deputy District Judges was at least 58%. For current solicitors, the equivalent figure was 15% (compared to 61% for barristers and 24% for other roles). This publication is based on data covering around 17,100 barristers, 154,200 solicitors and 8,800 Chartered Legal Executives[footnote 1], 33 selection exercises run by the JAC in 2020-21 (with 3,471 applications and 799 recommendations for legal and non-legal roles), 93 selection exercises run by the JAC between 2018 and 2021, and 3,314 court judges and 1,711 tribunal judges in post as at 1 April 2021. 44% of recommendations were women; this compares with an expected 49% overall if recommendations were in line with the overall eligible pool for 2020-21 exercises. Male barristers accounted for 25% of applications and 35% of recommendations. Roberts and Kennedy were seen to be the decisive votes. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Please send any comments you have on this publication including suggestions for further developments or reductions in content. The statistics presented below are produced from data on selection exercises that closed between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2021. This estimate is statistically significant, meaning that we can be confident that this result represents a real difference between Asian and White candidate progression rates (Figure 16), The shortlisting rate from application for Asian candidates (17%) was less than half that of White candidates (36%) (Figure 16), The recommendation rate from the shortlist stage for Asian candidates (38%) was lower than it was for White candidates (45%), The recommendation rate from application for Asian candidates (7%) was less than half that of White candidates (16%), largely reflecting differences at the shortlisting stage (Figure 15), In Recorder and Deputy District Judge exercises between 2018 and 2021, the progression rate of Asian candidates was lower than that of White candidates. However, judges are older on average than the working age population and distributed towards the upper ages of this range (see the section on Age), where the proportion Black, Asian and minority ethnic is lower. However, BAME will occasionally be seen in the charts and accompanying statistical tables, though only where limited space prevents using the whole term. Black, Asian and minority ethnic women accounted for 13% of applications and 6% of recommendations. The most recent estimate, based on 2011 Census data, is that 1% of the working age population are from Other backgrounds. In total, the 45 men who have served as president have made 160 nominations to the Supreme Court, with 124 of those having been confirmed by the Senate. The smaller difference seen between men and women in the recommendation rate from application was because these other rate differences mostly cancelled each other out. There were 12,651 magistrates across England and Wales. Note that as there is a 10-year gap between the judicial and Census data, and a likely increase in the Black, Asian and minority ethnic share of population over this period, the actual proportions shown are not directly comparable. For example, the recommendation rates from the eligible pool for Asian candidates were an estimated 36% lower than for White candidates, while rates for Black candidates were an estimated 73% lower than for White candidates. Wade became public, video clips of Supreme Court confirmation hearings of former President Donald Trump's three conservative appointees to the Court have resurfaced. The Supreme Court is currently staffed with . About Byron "Whizzer" White, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Black, Asian and minority ethnic solicitors accounted for 15% of applications and 5% of recommendations. Attorney General Merrick Garland on Friday appointed a special prosecutor to oversee criminal investigations related to former President Donald Trump. Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice, was born in the Pinpoint community near Savannah, Georgia on June 23, 1948. In 1961, White was appointed Deputy Attorney General of the United States by President John F. Kennedy. In the courts, representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals was fairly high for Deputy High Court Judges (Figure 21) but otherwise generally lower for the more senior appointments (e.g. The ever legal role is based on applicants self-reporting and does not take account of the relative time spent in each profession. Throughout this report, where the term tribunal judges is used it is referring only to legal tribunal judges and does not include non-legal tribunal members. EMP can be applied at both the shortlisting and recommendation stages. The few candidates who did choose the Other gender option have therefore been grouped in unknown, though this will change in future years if there are sufficient numbers. New Delhi: President Draupadi Murmu on Wednesday appointed Justice U U Lalit, the second most senior judge of the Supreme Court, as the next Chief Justice of India (CJI). Almost all of the senior court judicial posts (High Court and above) are held by White former barristers. Almost all of the senior court judicial posts (High Court and above) are held by former barristers, the majority of whom are men (Figure 39). Circuit. Women are also less well represented in senior positions, where 18% of Queens Counsel (barristers), 33% of partners (solicitors) and 70% of Chartered Legal Executive partners were women. The estimate was that mixed ethnicity Deputy District Judge candidates progression rate was 36% higher than White candidates, though this estimate is not statistically significant so should be treated with caution, For all exercise types considered, representation was higher at the application stage than it was in the eligible pool, Two exercise types, High Court Judge and District Judge, had higher Mixed ethnicity representation among recommended candidates than among all applications. As very broad context, around 13% of the population of England and Wales aged 25-69 were Black, Asian and minority ethnic in the most recent national data available, the 2011 Census[footnote 34]. Recommendations included moving away from the term BAME and disaggregating ethnicity as much as possible. Representation of these groups differed between courts and tribunals, with higher proportions of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals, former solicitors and women among tribunal judges. , Information on sexual orientation and religion and belief has been grouped across all exercises due to the small numerical breakdowns that make conclusions drawn less meaningful if they are not combined. While QC is used as an indicator of seniority in this publication, not all senior barristers will choose to apply for QC rank. with categories Man or Woman). The vote is a legal defeat for Trump as 7 justices, including Trump-appointed Brett Kavanaugh and Neil Gorsuch ruled he's not immune to investigation . These statistics cover groups at the intersection of gender, ethnicity and ever profession and thus only Black, Asian and minority ethnic and White men and women who were ever solicitors and barristers are considered. Clarence Thomas is the second African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Black, Asian and minority ethnic men made up 4% of these senior positions, whilst Black, Asian and minority ethnic women made up 3% and White women made up the remaining 24%. The proportion of women is notably lower among legal professionals with 20 or more years experience. , Only the following posts are open to suitably qualified Chartered Legal Executive lawyers: District Judge, District Judge (Magistrates Courts), Deputy District Judge, Deputy District Judge (Magistrates Courts), Judge of the First-tier Tribunal, Employment Judge, Road User Charging Adjudicator and Adjudicators (regulation 17 Civil Enforcement of Parking Conventions). Among legal professionals with 15 or more years PQE: Figure 22: representation of gender-ethnicity intersection groups by profession at different levels of PQE[footnote 36]. 34% were White male barristers, 21% were White male solicitors, 17% were White female barristers and 18% were White female solicitors. Edward Douglass White Jr. (November 3, 1845 - May 19, 1921) was an American politician and jurist from Louisiana.White was a U.S. Supreme Court justice for 27 years, first as an associate justice from 1894 to 1910, then as the ninth chief justice from 1910 until his death in 1921. In particular, for barristers, QC status is awarded for excellence in advocacy and so is not equivalent to partner status shown for solicitors. Byron Raymond White (1917 - 2002), associate justice of the United States Supreme Court Edward Douglass White (1845 - 1921), chief justice of the United States Supreme Court United States state supreme courts Alexander White (Alabama politician), associate justice of the Territorial Utah Supreme Court Mary Howarth Arden, Lady Arden of Heswall, became a Justice of the Supreme Court in October 2018. Minister for Justice Helen McEntee TD has today welcomed the nomination by the Chief Justice of High Court Judge, Mr Justice Michael White, as the inaugural Chairperson of the statutory Parole Board. In order to produce the following statistics on ethnicity-profession groups in the judicial appointments process in a sufficiently robust way, data from the most recent three years of completed exercises (April 2018 to March 2021) was aggregated. Overall, there were 3,471 applications, resulting in 799 recommendations for immediate appointment (s87)[footnote 20]. ever legal role[footnote 44] compares those who have ever been a solicitor to those who have ever been a barrister. As part of our continual review and prioritisation, we welcome user feedback on existing outputs including content, breadth, frequency and methodology. Therefore, the Prime Minister ultimately appointed Justice Shastri as the Chief Justice. , The percentage of individuals who have declared their diversity characteristics as a proportion of the total population. This is likely to reflect, to some extent, variations in the Black, Asian and minority ethnic proportion of general population by region, which is considerably higher in London than other regions. In this publication we refer to two types of significance: practical significance and statistical significance. In all three professions, representation of White men was higher in professionals with more experience and in higher seniority positions. , Though they are not classified as partners for the purposes of these statistics, in-house solicitors can reach positions of seniority that are equivalent to partners. Asian and minority ethnic candidates was an estimated 8% lower than for White . In Deputy District Judge exercises between 2018 and 2021, all gender-ethnicity-profession groups apart from White female ever barristers had significantly lower progression from application to recommendation than White male ever barristers (Figure 46). Justice Lalit was recommended by the outgoing CJI N V Ramana as his successor on August 4. 2% of London judges are from mixed ethnicity backgrounds, while less than 1% of judges in Wales are. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. The difference in the recommendation rate from application largely reflects differences at the shortlisting stage (Figure 12), In the Recorder exercise, one of the two exercises for which an RRI could be calculated, we cannot be statistically confident that there is a disparity, In the other exercise for which an RRI could be calculated, (salaried) Judge of the First-tier Tribunal, the progression rate of Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates was significantly higher, In all of the large legal exercises in 2020/21, representation among applicants was higher than in the corresponding eligible pool, but the proportion of recommendations was then lower than that among applicants (Figure 14), There are different patterns depending on whether previous judicial experience was required, For 4 of the 5 roles that required previous judicial experience, there was a small fall in the representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic candidates from application to recommendation, but representation among recommendations was still higher than representation in the eligible pool, However, for the one role where judicial experience was not a requirement (Recorder), and for the final role requiring previous judicial experience (Salaried Judge of the Employment Tribunal), there was enough of a fall in the Black, Asian and minority ethnic representation between application and recommendation that the representation among recommended candidates was lower than in the eligible pool (Figure 14), Asian or Asian British candidates constituted 15% of applications and 7% of recommendations; this compares with an expected 10% of recommendations if these were in line with the eligible pool proportion, Recommendation rates from the eligible pool for Asian candidates were an estimated 36% lower than for White candidates (shown by the estimated RRI of 0.64). However, within this gradual increase of ethnic minority judges there are different trends depending on the ethnic group. White men are the only gender-ethnicity intersection group for which representation is higher in more senior positions in all three legal professions. In the tribunals, 64% of judges in more senior posts (presidents, including deputy and vice) were non-barristers. The Black, Asian and minority ethnic percentage was 9.6%. On September 29, 2005, then-Judge Roberts was confirmed by the U.S. Senate and, after remarks by President George W. Bush, was sworn-in as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States by Associate Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens, in the East Room of the White House. , RRIs comparing other stages of the application process are provided in the accompanying data tables. 32% of court judges and 64% of tribunal judges were from non-barrister backgrounds. In both cases this was a statistically significant difference, For all exercise types, representation among applicants was higher than it was in the eligible pool, For all exercise types, representation among recommended candidates was lower than representation among applications, In High Court Judge, Recorder and Deputy District Judge exercises, representation among recommended candidates was also lower than it was in the respective eligible pools, Black or Black British candidates constituted 4% of applications and 1% of recommendations; this compares with an expected 3% of recommendations if these were in line with the eligible pool, Recommendation rates from the eligible pool for Black candidates were an estimated 73% lower than for White candidates (shown by the estimated RRI of 0.27). Figure 43: representation of different ethnicity-profession groups in judges in post, April 2021. In the courts, non-barristers constituted 5% of all judges in more senior posts (High Court and above). Lady Arden grew up in Liverpool. The JAC completed 33 selection exercises (excluding senior judicial appointments) in 2020-21[footnote 19]: While this publication only makes direct reference to the 6 large legal and 6 large non-legal exercises, totals include relevant smaller exercises (unless otherwise stated). Entrants: for court and tribunal judges in 2020-21, the proportion of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals entering the judiciary was higher than of those in post as at 1 April 2021 for both courts and tribunals (Figure 20). , In 2020/2021 there was a large non-legal exercise for disability tribunal members which, because having personal experience of disability was one of the eligibility criteria, contributes substantially to these high percentages. Representation of these groups differed between courts and tribunals, with a higher proportion of women from both White and Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds among tribunal judges. There was a broadly similar pattern in the tribunals, where tribunal presidents were all aged 50 or over. 34% were White male barristers, 21% were White male solicitors, 17% were White female barristers and 18% were White female solicitors. The recent increase in the proportion of Black, Asian and minority ethnic individuals in post can be associated with the fact that a higher proportion of new entrants, compared to leavers, were Black, Asian and minority ethnic. Candidates who were working as solicitors when they applied accounted for 28% of applications (541) and 15% of those recommended for appointment (49). 1 WHITE J: Chief Justice, I have the honour to announce that I have been appointed a Judge of this Court. Justice says in a statement that he is confident in Sec . 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